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How does diabetes affect the rest of the mouth?

Those with uncontrolled or poor-controlled diabetics may experience a burning sensation in the mouth or tongue due to a reduced salivary flow.  There may also be an increased risk to tooth decay and fungal infections.

How is periodontitis treated in a diabetic patient?

The Periodontist (dental surgeon who specializes in gum disease) needs a certain amount of medical information such as the patient’s blood sugar level and the type of medication he/she is on.  Treatment may need to be modified according to the medication the patient is on and how well the diabetes is controlled.

A well-controlled diabetic is usually treated similar to a non-diabetic with periodontal disease unless there are other medical conditions present.  Patients are instructed to take their medications as perscribed and eat a normal breakfast.  Early morning appointments are preferred as a certain type of hormone that reduces stress is in greater quantities in the morning.

A poorly-controlled diabetic will be treated in collaboration with his/her doctor or endorinologist.  Gum treatment is still encouraged though these patients may not respond as well as well-controlled diabetics.  Early studies in the United States suggest that controlling periodontitis in the poorly-controlled diabetics may contribute to better blood sugar control.

In general, gum treatment consists of multiple sessions of deep scaling beneath the gums usually with local anaesthetic.  In certain cases, surgical treatment may be recommended.  Periodontal treatment may also be combined with treatment from other dental specialities especially if replacement of lost teeth is required.

What should I do to keep my oral health optimal at all times?

Prevention is always best.  Once periodontitis occurs, the amount of bone supporting the teeth that is lost cannot be regained.  Periodontal treatment will control the disease and helping the prevention of tooth loss buy may not fully correct the receded gums or lessen the looseness of teeth that has already occurred.

Optimal oral health can be achieved via:

1. Good control of diabetes via medication, diet, exercise as advised by the doctor.
2. Regular dental check ups that include gum checks and X rays.
3. Regular periodontal maintenance by a dentist or periodontist for patients who have had gum disease.
4. Good personal oral hygiene or home care.  Efficient tooth brushing and flossing techniques should be learned from the dentist or periodontist.

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